Under the umbrella of the mainstream debate risen by New Public Management and epitomized in the concepts of effectiveness, efficiency and economy, the range of goods provided by the private sector are related to the type of services that the UN requires. This chapter analyses the costs and benefits of outsourcing peacekeeping services by the UN. Through the case of the MONUSCO/MONUC in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we address the potential challenges faced by the International Community regarding this privatization of peacekeeping operations in the International System. We discuss the effects of the UN outsourcing policy: the field of security (i.e. disarmament, or security sector reform); the field of logistics (i.e. running airports) and the field of frontline troops (i.e. example training peacekeeping troops). In DRC, the MONUSCO has worked through Saracen Uganda Corporate in the field of security, and Pacific Architects and Engineers managing the field of logistics and frontline troops. The Mission is also an example of what is called the Somalia Syndrome based on the unwillingness to provide ground troops by Western countries and especially by the US in African soil and an example of ad extreme legitimacy deficit due to the alliances built between Peacekeeping operatives and rebel groups.

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